Endocrine structures derived from nervous tissue include the

Endocrine structures derived from nervous tissue include the A) thymus and the thyroid. B) ovaries and the testes. C) liver and the pancreas. D)...

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the  A) hypothalamus. B) adenohypophysis. C) anterior pituitary. D) adrenal cortex. E)...

In a lactating mammal, the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively, are

In a lactating mammal, the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively, are  A) prolactin and calcitonin. B) prolactin...

To prevent insect pests from maturing into reproducing adults, pest controllers use synthetic agonists of

To prevent insect pests from maturing into reproducing adults, pest controllers use synthetic agonists of  A) ecdysone. B) juvenile hormone. C)...

A product of the anterior pituitary gland that causes color changes in its target cells is

A product of the anterior pituitary gland that causes color changes in its target cells is  A) FSH. B) LH. C) TSH. D) MSH. E) ACTH. Answer:...

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals and regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think that this wide range of functions indicates that prolactin

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals and regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think...

The hypothalamus

The hypothalamus  A) functions only as an endocrine target, by having lots of receptors on its cells. B) functions only in neuronal transmission. C)...

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time, he or she may die from dehydration. ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time, he or she may die from dehydration. ADH can help reduce water loss through its...

Portal blood vessels connect two capillary beds found in the

Portal blood vessels connect two capillary beds found in the  A) hypothalamus and thalamus. B) anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. C)...

The hypothalamus modulates hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary by means of

The hypothalamus modulates hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary by means of A) peptide hormones. B) steroid hormones. C) electrical synapses. D)...

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in  A) a neuron in the spinal cord. B) a steroid-producing...

Based on their effects, which pair below would not be expected to be active at the same time and place?

Based on their effects, which pair below would not be expected to be active at the same time and place?  A) prostaglandin F and nitric oxide B)...

During short-term starvation, most available fuel molecules are catabolized to provide energy for metabolism rather than being used as building blocks for growth and repair, a trade-off that is hormonally regulated by

During short-term starvation, most available fuel molecules are catabolized to provide energy for metabolism rather than being used as building blocks...

During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of

During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of  A) a negative feedback...

Hormones that promote homeostasis

Hormones that promote homeostasis  A) are not found as members of antagonistic signaling mechanisms. B) travel to target cells without passage...

Suppose that substance X is secreted by one cell, travels via interstitial fluid to a neighboring cell, and produces an effect on that cell. All of the following terms could describe this substance except

Suppose that substance X is secreted by one cell, travels via interstitial fluid to a neighboring cell, and produces an effect on that cell. All of...

Nitric oxide and epinephrine

Nitric oxide and epinephrine  A) both function as neurotransmitters. B) both function as steroid hormones. C) are both involved in the "fight-or-flight"...

For hormones that homeostatically regulate cellular functions,

For hormones that homeostatically regulate cellular functions,  A) negative feedback typically regulates hormone secretion. B) the circulating...

When a steroid hormone and a peptide hormone exert similar effects on a population of target cells, then

When a steroid hormone and a peptide hormone exert similar effects on a population of target cells, then  A) the steroid and peptide hormones...

Hormone X activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells. The greatest response by a cell would come from

Hormone X activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells. The greatest response by a cell would come from  A) applying a molecule...

A chemical signal operating in a paracrine manner is one that

A chemical signal operating in a paracrine manner is one that  A) is active at a neuronal synapse. B) affects only the cells that synthesize...

Endocrine glands that are sources of steroid hormones

Endocrine glands that are sources of steroid hormones  A) secrete the steroids through ducts into the blood. B) store those hormones in membrane-bound...

Insect hormones and their receptors

Insect hormones and their receptors  A) act independently of each other. B) are a focus in pest-control research. C) utilize cell-surface receptors...

Different body cells can respond differently to the same peptide hormones because

Different body cells can respond differently to the same peptide hormones because  A) different target cells have different sets of genes. B)...

The reason that the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body is that

The reason that the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body is that  A) only its target cells get exposed...

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's  A) secretory cell. B) plasma cell. C)...

Aspirin and ibuprofen both

Aspirin and ibuprofen both  A) inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. B) inhibit the release of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. C) activate...

Ecdysone is a(n)

Ecdysone is a(n)  A) peptide hormone. B) amine derivative. C) steroid hormone. D) iodinated protein hormone made by the thyroid gland. E) gaseous...

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose chemical structure is derived from

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose chemical structure is derived from  A) oligosaccharides. B) fatty acids. C) steroids. D) amino acids. E)...

A paracrine signal that relaxes smooth muscle cells is

A paracrine signal that relaxes smooth muscle cells is  A) nitric oxide. B) vitamin D. C) testosterone. D) cortisol. E) antidiuretic hormone. Answer:...

Which category of signal exerts its effects on target cells by binding to membrane-bound receptor proteins?

Which category of signal exerts its effects on target cells by binding to membrane-bound receptor proteins?  A) neurohormones B) estrogens C)...

Testosterone is an example of a chemical signal that affects the very cells that synthesize it, the neighboring cells in the testis, along with distant cells outside the gonads. Thus, testosterone is an example of

Testosterone is an example of a chemical signal that affects the very cells that synthesize it, the neighboring cells in the testis, along with distant...

In a positive-feedback system where hormone A alters the amount of protein X

In a positive-feedback system where hormone A alters the amount of protein X  A) an increase in A always produces an increase in X. B) an increase...

All hormones

All hormones  A) are produced by endocrine glands. B) are lipid-soluble molecules. C) are carried to target cells in the blood. D) are protein...

African lungfish, which are often found in small stagnant pools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. What is the advantage of this adaptation?

African lungfish, which are often found in small stagnant pools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. What is the advantage of this adaptation?  A)...

Natural selection should favor the highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons in which of the following species?

Natural selection should favor the highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons in which of the following species?  A) a river otter B) a...

The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by all of the following except

The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by all of the following except  A) diffusion of salt from the thin segment of the ascending...

Which of the following animals generally has the lowest volume of urine production?

Which of the following animals generally has the lowest volume of urine production?  A) a vampire bat B) a salmon in fresh water C) a marine...

Which process in the nephron is least selective?

Which process in the nephron is least selective?  A) filtration B) reabsorption C) active transport D) secretion E) salt pumping by the loop...

Unlike an earthworm's metanephridia, a mammalian nephron

Unlike an earthworm's metanephridia, a mammalian nephron  A) is intimately associated with a capillary network. B) forms urine by changing fluid...

In a laboratory experiment with three groups of students, one group drinks pure water, a second group drinks an equal amount of beer, and a third group drinks an equal amount of concentrated salt solution, all during the same time period. Their urine production is monitored for several hours. Which groups are expected to have the greatest and least amounts of urine, respectively?

In a laboratory experiment with three groups of students, one group drinks pure water, a second group drinks an equal amount of beer, and a third group...

ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis through which of the following ways?

ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis through which of the following ways?  A) ADH regulates the osmolarity...

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) functions at the cellular level by

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) functions at the cellular level by  A) stimulating the reabsorption of glucose through channel proteins. B) triggering...

Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by

Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by  A) sleeping for one hour. B) severe sweating on...

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of  A) increased aldosterone production. B) increased blood pressure. C)...

After blood flow is artificially reduced at one kidney, you would expect that kidney to secrete more of the hormone known as

After blood flow is artificially reduced at one kidney, you would expect that kidney to secrete more of the hormone known as  A) erythropoietin. B)...

Increased ADH secretion is likely after

Increased ADH secretion is likely after  A) drinking lots of pure water. B) sweating-induced dehydration increases plasma osmolarity. C) ingestion...

When stimulated by aldosterone, the reabsorption of Na+ is increased along

When stimulated by aldosterone, the reabsorption of Na+ is increased along  A) the loop of Henle. B) the collecting duct. C) Bowman's capsule. D)...

Trauma to the human kidney could result in a urinary filtrate containing an abnormally high level of

Trauma to the human kidney could result in a urinary filtrate containing an abnormally high level of  A) fatty acids. B) glucose. C) salts. D)...

The typical osmolarity of human blood is

The typical osmolarity of human blood is  A) 30 mosm/L. B) 100 mosm/L. C) 200 mosm/L. D) 300 mosm/L. E) 500 mosm/L. Answer:...